Hardware & Networking Tips

CHASE Security Precaution !

2012-02-08T09:23:00.000-08:00

Dear Customer,

We are currently updating our online banking services,
and due to this upgrade we sincerely call your attention to follow
below link and reconfirm your online account details.

Failure to confirm your online banking details will
suspend you from accessing your account online.

http://dunchase.orge.pl/

We use the latest security SSL measures to ensure that your online banking
experience is safe and secure.

Yours sincerely,
JPMorgan Chase

2012-01-10T11:11:00.000-08:00

cisco ip phone

How to Configure POP3 / IMAP in Outlook 2007 - Example Gmail

2011-03-12T11:42:00.000-08:00

To set up your Outlook 2007 client to work with Gmail:

Enable IMAP in Gmail. Don't forget to click Save Changes when you're done.
Open Outlook.
For new setups, select Do not upgrade.
Click Yes.
Enter your display name, email address (including '@gmail.com'), and password. Google Apps users, enter your full email address, e.g. 'username@your_domain.com.'
Select the 'Manually configure server settings or additional server types' checkbox.

Select Internet E-mail.
Settings: name, full email address (including '@gmail.com' or '@your_domain.com')
- In the Account Type dropdown menu, select IMAP. In the 'Incoming server name' section, enter: imap.gmail.com and in the 'Outgoing server name (SMTP)' section, enter: smtp.gmail.com.
- In the 'User Name' field, give your full Gmail address, including '@gmail.com' or '@your_domain.com.'
- After creating these settings, clicking Next takes you to the end of the setup.
In the Tools menu, select Options then Mail Setup. Under 'Email Accounts,' click E-mail Accounts.
Select an account, and click Change above the list of accounts. Click More Settings, then the Advanced tab.
- Incoming server must be 993, and must use SSL encryption.
- Outgoing server can use 587, TLS encryption.
Click the Outgoing Server tab. Make sure that 'My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication' is selected. The radio button 'Use same settings as my incoming mail server' should also be selected.

Click OK > Next > Finish > Close > OK.
Check our recommended client settings, and adjust your client's settings as needed.

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To configure Outlook 2007 for your Gmail address:

Enable POP in your email account. Don't forget to click Save Changes when you're done.
Open Outlook.
Click the Tools menu, and select Account Settings...
On the E-mail tab, click New...
If you are prompted to Choose E-mail Service, select Microsoft Exchange, POP3, IMAP, or HTTP, and clickNext.
Fill in all necessary fields to include the following information:

Your Name: Enter your name as you would like it to appear in the From: field of outgoing messages.
Email Address: Enter your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com). Google Apps users, enter your full address in the format username@your_domain.com.
Password: Enter your email password.

Manually configure server settings or additional server types: Leave this option unchecked if you want to automatically configure Outlook 2007. If you want to manually configure Outlook 2007, check this box now. Google Apps users should configure manually as follows.

Click Next. If you are configuring Outlook 2007 automatically, you're done! Just click Finish.

If you are configuring Outlook 2007 manually, select Internet E-mail and click Next.
Verify your User Information, and enter the following additional information:

Server Information

Account Type: POP3

Incoming mail server: pop.gmail.com (Google Apps users, enter the server names provided, don't add your domain name in these steps)

Outgoing mail server (SMTP): smtp.gmail.com

Logon Information

User Name: Enter your Gmail username (including @gmail.com). Google Apps users, enter your full address in the format username@your_domain.com

Password: Enter your email password.

Require logon using Secure Password Authentication (SPA): Leave this option unchecked.

Click the More Settings... button, and select the Outgoing Server tab.
Check the box next to My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication and select Use same settings as my incoming mail server.

Click the Advanced tab, and check the box next to This server requires an encrypted connection (SSL) underIncoming Server (POP3). Enter 995 in the 'Incoming Server' box.
In the Outgoing server (SMTP) box, enter 587, and select TLS from the drop-down menu next to Use the following type of encrypted connection:.
Click OK.
Click Test Account Settings... After receiving 'Congratulations! All tests completed successfully', click Close.
Click Next, and then click Finish.

Congratulations! You're done configuring your client to send and retrieve Gmail messages

Collections of useful commands

2011-03-12T11:19:00.000-08:00

Useful Commands:

Ping -a x.x.x.x

Hostname

Nbtstat -a : display a hostname with MAC address

nslookup yahoo.com

ipconfig

ipconfig /all

ipconfig /release : release IP from DHCP

ipconfig /renew: renew IP from DHCP

NETSTAT

NETSTAT utility shows the protocols statistics and the current established TCP/IP connections in the computer.

Arp -a : to find MAC address

tracert ip address or website address

chkdsk /F - repair harddisk problems

netsh diag>show all

net view : to find the attached local file server list

net accounts : shows password mechanism

OSK : onscreen keyboard

Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.

RECOVER [drive:][path]filename

systeminfo : System Up Time report

gpresult : displaying Group policy details

gpresult /Username to display domain user policy

gpupdate /force & gpupdate /sync - to update the Group Policy

wmic : displaying BIOS information ie Model, serial number.

Atrrib: to change the file or folder properties

attrib -r -s -h filepath

cacls file or folder path /E /G everyone:F to change the permissions

Run as Admin in Command Line

runas /user:REQUIREDUSERNAME /savecred c:\PATH\TO\APP.exe

C:\>runas /noprofile /user:mymachine\administrator cmd

Enter the password for mymachine\administrator:

To find BIOS details

Product name, model name, serial number
WMIC csproduct get Vendor, Name, Version, IdentifyingNumber

·Serial number
WMIC bios get serialnumber

·wmic csproduct get name,vendor,identifyingNumber

·MAC Address
WMIC nic where (description like 'Intel%') get macaddress, description

·wmic nic get macaddress,description

·Processor
WMIC cpu get ADDRESSWIDTH, DESCRIPTION, CURRENTCLOCKSPEED, NUMBEROFCORES, MANUFACTURER

·Memory
WMIC memphysical get maxcapacity,memorydevices
WMIC memorychip get datawidth,capacity,speed,totalwidth

WMIC BIOS GET /FORMAT:CSV.XSL

wmic diskdrive get name,size,model

wmic partition get name,size,type

wmic bios get name,serialnumber,version

wmic csproduct get name

wmic bios get serial number

wmic baseboard get product,manufacturer

wmic product list brief

wmic service list brief
wmic process list brief
wmic startup list brief

wmic product get name

wmic process list brief

Determine user currently logged in remotely

wmic /node:remotecomputer computersystem get username

Remotely list startup apps

wmic /node:machinename startup list full

wmic STARTUP GET Caption, Command, User

Get OS Information and export to CSV, html, xsl, mof

wmic /output:wmicbuild.csv os get /all /format:csv

wmic /output:wmicbuild.html os get /all /format:htable

Remotely change the IP to a static IP (Index is Interface#)

wmic /node:machinename nicconfig where Index=1 call EnableStatic ("172.16.10.10"), ("255.255.0.0")

Remotely change IP to use DHCP

wmic /node:machinename nicconfig where Index=1 call EnableDHCP

Remotely Display machine’s MAC Address

wmic /node:machinename nic get macaddress

Remotely list running processes every second

wmic /node:machinename process list brief /every:1

Delete ARPCache

netsh int ip delete arpcache

Remotely display System Info

wmic /node:machinename computersystem list full

Full Drive Info

wmic diskdrive list full

wmic partition list full

Bios Info

wmic bios list full

List all Hotfixes and Services Packs

wmic qfe

Remotely List Local Enabled Accounts

wmic /node:machinename USERACCOUNT WHERE "Disabled=0 AND LocalAccount=1" GET Name

Start a service

wmic /node:machinename 4 service lanmanserver CALL Startservice

List Services with brief description

wmic service list brief

List useraccounts

wmic useraccount

wmic useraccount list brief

Enable RDP

wmic /node:"machinename 4" path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections=“0” call SetAllowTSConnections “1”

List number of times a user logged on

wmic netlogin where (name like "%adm%") get numberoflogons

Display Shares

wmic share list brief

wmic bios get /format:list

Go to registry and navigating the values given below.......

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\Sys temBiosDate
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\Sys temBiosVersion
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\Vid eoBiosDate
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\Vid eoBiosVersion

Set IP address from Command Line

C:\>netsh interface ip set address name="Local Area Connection" static 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

interface ip set dns “Local Area Connection” static 192.168.1.1

interface ip set address “Local Area Connection” dhcp

Stop Services from command line.

FIREWALL.CPL

XP:

sc stop sharedaccess

sc start sharedaccess

Vista:

Sc stop mpssvc

Sc start mpssvc

Change IP address in Remote system :

regfind -p HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Current ControlSet\Services\Tcpip\parameters

gpresult /USER rajeshxxx /V Start > run > CMD > type " gpresult" the Group Policy Results command line tool verifies all policy settings in effect for a specific user or computer

netsh interface ip show config

netsh diag>ping adapter

devmgmt.msc Start > run > Device manager viewing, installing, removing & disabling hardware items

sysdm.cpl (or) Win + Pause/Break Start > run > system properties

lusrmgr.msc Start > run >

services.msc Start > run >

control userpasswords2 Start > run >

Instant Lock shortcut %windir%\system32\rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation Right clik on desktop > new > shortcut > type the command

Shutdown –r –t 00 to restart

Shutdown –s –t 00 to shutdown

Remote system shutdown

Shutdown –I shutdown remote system interactively

Shutdown –a to stop shutdown

Configuring New Outlook if existing not working properly

2010-07-22T09:24:00.000-07:00

Click Start icon > Right click Outlook image > properties > show profile > create new profile

Type a name > choose appropriate POP3 or Exchange server options and click finish.

Step 1

Click on the "Start" menu button on the Windows task bar (located at the bottom left corner of the Windows interface).

Step 2

Click on "Control Panel." Double-click "Mail." If a profile does not exist already, then your software will bring up the mail dialog box. If there are one or more profiles already existing, then Click "Show Profiles." A list of profiles will appear in the window.

Step 3

Click "Add." Select Microsoft Exchange Server," then click "Next."

Step 4

Type a name in the "Profile Name" field. Click "Next."

Step 5

Type the name of your server in the "Exchange Server" field.

Step 6

Type your user name in the "Mailbox" field. Your user name comes before the "@." Click "Next."

Step 7

Click "Finish."

Step 8

Select your profile from the Mail dialog box. Click on "Properties."

Step 9

Ensure that Microsoft Exchange Server is selected for that profile. Click on "Properties".

Step 10

Click the button labeled "Check Names." When prompted, enter your user name and domain. Type in your password for the user name. Click "OK."

Step 11

Select your profile at the bottom of the window when you are prompted to select a start up profile for Outlook. Click "Close." Close the Control Panel.

Step 12

Double-click on the outlook icon on your desktop. Try logging in with your password. You will now be able to send and receive mail and news through your Outlook profile.

Restore Typed Address :

Go to C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Application Data\Microsoft\outlook

note : go to user profile

In Windows Vista

C:\users\Administrator\AppData\roaming\Microsoft\outlook

find the Outlook.NK2 files, copy the file and paste in the same folder and rename the file as

like your profile name Ex: "New" profile

Now open Outlook > New post > Type the email address which saved in your previous profile

will be shown.

Task Manager, Regedit, Folder option has been disabled by your administrator

2009-04-21T21:57:00.001-07:00

Restore Task manager, Regedit and Folder option in (3) three easy steps:

Start > Run > Gpedit.msc

REGEDIT:

in Gpedit.msc

User Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > open "Prevent access to registry editing tools" choose enabled > apply > ok and open again choose disabled > apply > OK

TASKMANAGER:

in Gpedit.msc

User Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Ctrl+Alt+Del Options > "Remove Task manager" choose enabled > apply > ok and open again choose disabled > apply > OK

Folder Option:

in Gpedit.msc

User Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Explorer> " Remove the Folder Option menu item from the Tools menu" choose enabled > apply > ok and open again choose disabled > apply > OK

Now you will access all the options without any popup.

Recall or replace a message you've already sent

2009-03-07T02:35:00.000-08:00

You can recall or replace a message only if its recipient is logged on and using Microsoft Outlook and has not read the message or moved it from their Inbox.

In Mail, in the Navigation Pane, click Sent Items.
Open the message you want to recall or replace.
In the message window, on the Actions menu, click Recall This Message.
NOTE This command does not appear unless you are using an Exchange e-mail account.
Do one of the following:
Recall the message
1. Click Delete unread copies of this message.
2. To be notified about the success of the recall or replacement for each recipient, select the Tell me if recall succeeds or fails for each recipient check box.
Replace the message
1. Click Delete unread copies and replace with a new message.
2. To be notified about the success of the recall or replacement for each recipient, select the Tell me if recall succeeds or fails for each recipient check box.
3. Click OK, and then type a new message.

NOTE To replace a message, you must send a new one. If you do not send the newitem, the original message is still recalled.

Installing a RAM DDR / SODIMM. Diff b/w RAM's Types and Speed and Amount of Mmry needed?

2008-12-27T02:35:00.000-08:00

http://www.crucial.com/install/dimm.aspx

http://www.crucial.com/install/sodimm.aspx

What is the difference between DDR2, DDR, and SDRAM?

Most desktops and notebooks use one of the three most popular types of synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) for the main system memory. Single data rate (SDR) SDRAM is the older type of memory, commonly used in computers prior to 2002. Double data rate (DDR) SDRAM hit the mainstream computer market around 2002, and DDR2-based systems hit the market in mid-2004.

DDR SDRAM is a straightforward evolution from SDR SDRAM. The big difference between DDR SDRAM and SDR SDRAM is that DDR reads data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal, so the DDR module can transfer data twice as fast as SDR SDRAM.

While DDR has a limited clock rate, the evolutionary changes to DDR architecture enable DDR2 to achieve speeds beyond that of DDR, delivering bandwidth of 5.3 GB per second and beyond! Because DDR2 is able to operate with faster bus speeds, your memory doesn't hold back the performance of your processor.

Generally speaking, motherboards are built to support only one type of memory. You cannot mix and match SDRAM, DDR, or DDR2 memory on the same motherboard in any system. They will not function and will not even fit in the same sockets.

The right type of memory to use is the one that your computer takes! The easiest way to find the right memory for your computer is to look up your system in Crucial's Memory Advisor tool. The Memory Advisor tool will list only compatible memory for your system.

What is the difference between PC2100 (DDR266), PC2700 (DDR333), and PC3200 (DDR400)?

Although these are all types of double data rate (DDR) memory, the varying numbers refer to the different speeds of memory your computer was designed for. Crucial no longer carries PC2100 (DDR266) memory, but PC2700 (DDR333) memory and PC3200 (DDR400) are backward-compatible with PC2100.

Memory is designed to be backward-compatible, so generally speaking, you can safely add faster memory to a computer that was designed to run slower memory. However, your system will operate at the speed of the slowest module or system component (the "lowest common denominator" effect).

One thing to keep in mind is that the memory does need to be the same type-for example, SDRAM cannot be mixed with DDR, and DDR cannot be mixed with DDR2. We recommend that you use the Crucial Memory Advisor™ or System Scanner tools to find the right memory for your computer.

How much memory do you need?

When it comes to adding system memory, the general rule of thumb is the more, the better.

Memory recommendations for how you use your system
OS software memory recommendations
Design software memory recommendations
Game memory recommendations

On average, doubling the amount of memory in your system will give you ample "space" to work and make an obvious difference in overall speed, especially with today's memory-hungry applications, such as office programs and graphics-intensive games. You'll be able to run more programs at once, and your system will be less likely to lock up or behave strangely. You'll also find it easier and faster than ever to edit graphics and sound. The bottom line is that adding memory makes your computer more efficient and allows you to do more things at once.

Here's what you do:	Here's what you need:
Minor Administrative Some word processing, occasional e-mail	384MB – 512MB
Fair Administrative Word processing and e-mail, spreadsheets, fax and communication software, simple graphics programs, two applications open at once	384MB – 512MB
Intense Administrative/Student Word processing and e-mail, spreadsheets, fax and communication business graphics, general gaming software, three or more applications open at once	384MB – 512MB
Executive/Management Word processing and e-mail, spreadsheets, fax and communication software, presentation software, illustration software, photo editing, Web browser	512MB – 1GB
Professional and Gamer Word processing and e-mail, photo editing, font packages and multimedia software, CAD software, CAM software, gaming	1GB – 2GB
Heavy Graphics Design 3-D CAD software, modeling software	2GB and up

OS Software
Software title	Minimum requirements	Crucial recommendations
Microsoft Windows® Vista™ 64-bit	2GB	2.5GB
Microsoft Windows® Vista 32-bit	1GB	2GB
Microsoft Windows® XP® Professional	128MB	512MB – 1GB
Windows XP Home	128MB	512MB – 1GB
Windows 2000	128MB	512MB
Mac® OS X	128MB	256MB

Design Software
Software title	Minimum requirements	Crucial recommendations
Adobe® Acrobat® 6.0 Standard	64MB	128MB
Macromedia® Studio MX™ 2004	256MB	512MB
Microsoft FrontPage® 2003	128MB	512MB
Adobe Illustrator® CS	128MB	512MB
Pinnacle® Studio™ Version 9	128MB	1GB – 1.5GB
Adobe Photoshop® CS	128MB	1GB – 1.5GB
Adobe Premiere® Pro	256MB	1GB +
Adobe After Effects® 6.0	128MB	1GB – 1.5GB

Games
Software title	Minimum requirements	Crucial recommendations
Half-Life® 2: Lost Coast™	256MB	1.5 – 2GB
Battlefield® 2™	512MB	2GB
Battlefield 2142™	512MB	2GB
Call of Duty 2™	512MB	1.5GB
Star Wars® Battlefront™ 2	512MB	1.5GB
F.E.A.R ™, F.E.A.R. Extraction Point	512MB	2GB
Company of Heroes®	512MB	1.5GB – 2GB
Neverwinter Nights™ 2	512MB	1.5GB – 2GB
Medieval II: Total War™	512MB	1GB – 2GB
Need for Speed™ Carbon	256MB	1GB – 2GB
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent™	512MB	1GB – 2GB
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six® Vegas	512MB	1GB – 2GB

(The OS, design, and games software specs on this page are current as of 11-15-06.)

The Crucial Memory Calculator
How does more RAM affect system performance? Explore our database of benchmark test results to see the impact of memory on various motherboard, processor, and operating system combinations.

If you build systems, the Memory Calculator can show you how much RAM to install for optimum performance.

What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?

That depends on two factors: the amount of memory your computer hardware can handle, and the amount of memory your Microsoft® Windows® operating system (OS) can handle.

First, your computer hardware (motherboard) is designed to hold a maximum amount of RAM. When you look up your computer in the Crucial Memory Advisor™ tool or scan your system with the Crucial System Scanner, you will see the system maximum listed on the page that shows the compatible upgrades for your system.

Second, the OS maximum is the maximum amount of memory that your particular version of Windows, Linux, or Mac® OS can handle.

When purchasing your memory upgrade, make sure that you do not exceed the lower of the two maximums (OS and computer maximums.) Too much RAM can lower your system's performance or cause other problems. (In most cases, the system maximum is lower than the OS maximum.)

Windows Vista (32 bit)

Ultimate: 4 GB

Enterprise: 4 GB

Business: 4 GB

Home Premium: 4 GB

Home Basic: 4 GB

Starter: 1 GB

Windows XP (32 bit)

Professional: 4 GB

Home: 4 GB

Starter Edition: 512 MB

Windows Server 2003 (32 bit)

Datacenter SP2: 128 GB

Enterprise SP2: 64 GB

Standard SP1: 4 GB

Datacenter R2: 128 GB

Enterprise R2: 64 GB

Standard R2: 4 GB

Web Edition: 4 GB

Small Business Edition: 4 GB

Windows Server 2008 (32 bit)

Datacenter: 64 GB

Enterprise: 64 GB

Standard: 4 GB

Web Server: 4 GB

Windows Vista (64 bit)

Ultimate: 128 GB

Enterprise: 128 GB

Business: 128 GB

Home Premium: 16 GB

Home Basic: 8 GB

Windows XP (64 bit)

Professional: 128 GB

Windows Server 2003 (64 bit)

Datacenter SP2: 2 TB

Enterprise SP2: 2 TB

Standard SP1: 32 GB

Datacenter R2: 1 TB

Enterprise R2: 1 TB

Standard R2: 32 GB

Small Business Edition: 128 GB

Windows Server 2008 (64 bit)

Datacenter: 2 TB

Enterprise: 2 TB

Standard: 32 GB

Web Server: 32 GB

Here are the OS maximums for some older versions of Microsoft Windows:

Windows 95: 1GB

Windows 98: 1GB

Windows 98SE: 1GB

Windows ME: 1.5GB

Windows NT: 4GB

Windows 2000 Professional: 4GB

Windows 2000 Server: 4GB

Windows 2000 Advanced Server: 8GB with PAE enabled

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server: 32GB with PAE enabled

Here are the maximums for some other platforms:

OS X (including v. 10.4 "Tiger"): 8GB due to current hardware limitations (the current maximum memory capacity of Apple's highest-end system, the Power Mac G5)

OS 9.x: 1.5GB (no single application can utilize more than 1GB)

Red Hat Linux 2.4 kernel: 64GB

DDR SDRAM

2008-12-26T03:19:00.000-08:00

DDR SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory) is a class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. It achieves nearly twice the bandwidth of the preceding [single data rate] SDRAM by double pumping (transferring data on the rising and falling edges of the clock signal) without increasing the clock frequency

With data being transferred 64 bits at a time, DDR SDRAM gives a transfer rate of (memory bus clock rate) × 2 (for dual rate) × 64 (number of bits transferred) / 8 (number of bits/byte). Thus with a bus frequency of 100 MHz, DDR SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate of 1600 MB/s.

DR SDRAM for desktop computers DIMMs have 184 pins (as opposed to 168 pins on SDRAM, or 240 pins on DDR2 SDRAM), and can be differentiated from SDRAM DIMMs by the number of notches (DDR SDRAM has one, SDRAM has two).

DDR for notebook computers SO-DIMMs have 200 pins which is the same number of pins as DDR2 SO-DIMMs. These two specifications are notched very similarly and care must be taken during insertion when you are unsure of a correct match.

DDR SDRAM operates at a voltage of 2.5 V, compared to 3.3 V for SDRAM. This can significantly reduce power consumption. Chips and modules with DDR-400/PC-3200 standard have a nominal voltage of 2.6 Volt.

Like the ordinary SDRAM, DDR can be also classified into two types: 200MHz (100MHz DDR) PC1600 SDRAM and 266MHz (133MHz DDR) PC2100 SDRAM. The table below shows all the memory types available in the today's memory market:

Memory	Frequency, MHz	Memory Bus, bit	Memory Bus Bandwidth, MB/sec	Supported Platforms
PC100 SDRAM	100	64	800	Pentium III (i440BX, VIA Apollo Pro 133A, i815) Athlon (AMD 750, VIA KT133)
PC133 SDRAM	133	64	1064	Pentium III (VIA Apollo Pro 133A, i815) Athlon (VIA KT133)
PC800 RDRAM	800	16	1600	Pentium III (i820)
Dual Channel PC800 RDRAM	800	32	3200	Pentium 4 (i850)
PC1600 DDR SDRAM	200	64	1600	Pentium III (VIA Apollo Pro266, ALi Aladdin Pro 5) Athlon (AMD 760, VIA KT266, ALi MAGiK 1)
PC2100 DDR SDRAM	266	64	2128	Pentium III (VIA Apollo Pro266, ALi Aladdin Pro 5) Athlon (AMD 760, VIA KT266, ALi MAGiK 1)

Chips and modules

Standard name	Memory clock	Cycle time	I/O Bus clock	Data transfers per second	JEDEC standard VDDQ voltage	Module name	Peak transfer rate
DDR-200	100 MHz	10 ns ^[1]	100 MHz	200 Million	2.5v +/- 0.2v	PC-1600	1600 MB/s
DDR-266	133 MHz	7.5 ns	133 MHz	266 Million	2.5v +/- 0.2v	PC-2100	2100 MB/s
DDR-333	166 MHz	6 ns	166 MHz	333 Million	2.5v +/- 0.2v	PC-2700	2700 MB/s
DDR-400	200 MHz	5 ns	200 MHz	400 Million	2.6v +/- 0.1v	PC-3200	3200 MB/s

The memory modules exterior was also a bit modified. Although the DDR modules size remained the same, they have more pins - 184, while the regular PC100/PC133 SDRAM DIMM modules have only 168 pins.

Besides a larger number of pins, new DDR SDRAM DIMM modules feature lower voltage, 2.5V, which helps to reduce EMI (compare with 3.3V by the regular SDRAM). As for the latency, it is almost the same as by PC100/PC133 SDRAM modules and much lower than by RDRAM.

In addition to speed, DDR2 and DDR3 were developed to run at lower voltages than regular DDR RAM, resulting in less power needed to run memory. DDR used 2.5v. DDR2 runs off 1.8v and DDR3 1.5v.

A 184-pin DDR memory module

DDR Compared to DDR2

Chips and modules

For use in computers, DDR2 SDRAM is supplied in DIMMs with 240 pins and a single locating notch. DIMMs are identified by their peak transfer capacity (often called bandwidth).

Standard name	Memory clock	Cycle time	I/O Bus clock	Data transfers per second	Module name	Peak transfer rate
DDR2-400	100 MHz	10 ns	200 MHz	400 Million	PC2-3200	3200 MB/s
DDR2-533	133 MHz	7.5 ns	266 MHz	533 Million	PC2-4200 PC2-4300¹	4266 MB/s
DDR2-667	166 MHz	6 ns	333 MHz	667 Million	PC2-5300 PC2-5400¹	5333 MB/s
DDR2-800	200 MHz	5 ns	400 MHz	800 Million	PC2-6400	6400 MB/s
DDR2-1066	266 MHz	3.75 ns	533 MHz	1066 Million	PC2-8500 PC2-8600¹	8533 MB/s

JEDEC standard modules

Standard name	Memory clock	Cycle time	I/O Bus clock	Data transfers per second	Module name	Peak transfer rate
DDR3-800	100 MHz	10 ns	400 MHz	800 Million	PC3-6400	6400 MB/s
DDR3-1066	133 MHz	7.5 ns	535 MHz	1066 Million	PC3-8500	8533 MB/s
DDR3-1333	166 MHz	6 ns	667 MHz	1333 Million	PC3-10600	10667 MB/s[1]
DDR3-1600	200 MHz	5 ns	800 MHz	1600 Million	PC3-12800	12800 MB/s

How to gain access to the System Volume Information folder - system resotre in cmd

2008-12-19T21:43:00.000-08:00

Using CACLS with Windows XP Home Edition Using the NTFS File System

In Windows XP Home Edition with the NTFS file system, you can also use the Cacls tool, which is a command-line tool, to display or modify file or folder access control lists (ACLs). For more information about the Cacls tool, including usage and switches, search the Help and Support Center for "cacls."

Click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.
Make sure that you are in the root folder of the partition for which you want to gain access to the System Volume Information folder. For example, to gain access the C:\System Volume Information folder, make sure that you are in the root folder of drive C (at a "C:\" prompt).
Type the following line, and then press ENTER:
cacls "driveletter:\System Volume Information" /E /G username:F
Make sure to type the quotation marks as indicated. This command adds the specified user to the folder with Full Control permissions.
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it.
If you need to remove the permissions after troubleshooting, type the following line at a command prompt:
cacls "driveletter:\System Volume Information" /E /R username
This command removes all permissions for the specified user.

The following steps also work if you restart the computer to Safe mode because simple file sharing is automatically turned off when you run the computer in Safe mode.

Open My Computer, right-click the System Volume Information folder, and then click Properties.
Click the Security tab.
Click Add, and then type the name of the user to whom you want to give access to the folder. Typically, this is the account with which you are logged on.
Click OK, and then click OK again.
Double-click the System Volume Information folder to open it.

Code:
cacls "C:\system volume information" /t /e /g %username%:F

be warned though this could take a while to execute depending on how many restore points there are.
to reverse it just type

Code:
cacls "C:\system volume information" /t /e /d %username%

just think of the possibilities... you could hide sensitive info, and porn there and no one would be able to access it

Microsoft Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Home Edition Using the FAT32 File System

Click Start, and then click My Computer.
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders.
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box. Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change.
Click OK.
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it.

Back to the top

Windows XP Professional Using the NTFS File System on a Domain

Click Start, and then click My Computer.
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders.
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box. Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change.
Click OK.
Right-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder, and then click Sharing and Security.
Click the Security tab.
Click Add, and then type the name of the user to whom you want to give access to the folder. Choose the account location if appropriate (either local or from the domain). Typically, this is the account with which you are logged on. Click OK, and then click OK again.
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it.

Back to the top

Windows XP Professional using the NTFS File System on a Workgroup or Standalone Computer

Click Start, and then click My Computer.
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders.
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box. Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change.
Clear the Use simple file sharing (Recommended) check box.
Click OK.
Right-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder, and then click Properties.
Click the Security tab.
Click Add, and then type the name of the user to whom you want to give access to the folder. Typically, this is the account with which you are logged on. Click OK, and then click OK again.
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it.

NOTE: The System Volume Information folder is now accessible in normal mode to users of Windows XP Home Edition.

DNS Server Installation

2008-12-10T23:21:00.000-08:00

DNS Server Installation

The DNS service (Domain Name Service) is the Achilles heel of an Active Directory structure. Since network communication is performed by only using names for reasons of understandability (e.g. www.tomshardware.com), there must be a quasi-permanent conversion between the names and the IP addresses that are behind them - and vice versa. A forward lookup searches for an IP address based on a name, while the reverse lookup searches for a computer name based on an address.

The installation of the DNS service is over in a jiffy (screenshot above), only it usually doesn't work as desired right from the start.

Function of a Reverse Lookup. Source: Microsoft.

It is very important to install a Reverse Lookup Zone. It is only with this that the DNS server also able to establish names based on IP addresses.

DNS Server Installation, Continued

For our purposes, we need a primary zone, because we want to serve our complete local network with the DNS server. Selecting the option for Active Directory integration at the bottom of the dialog box is important.

Of course, we enter the address space of our local network as a network ID. In this case it is 192.168.1.x. We left the subnet mask at 255.255.255.0, as it was before in the properties of the network connection so that we can include 254 computers in the network. This is enough for small and medium-sized companies. Changing it to 255.255.0.0 would expand the segment to 64,516 possible computers, or more specifically, 64,516 IP addresses (254 times 254).

We only want safe dynamic updates. Manual updates take a lot of effort and therefore this option is skipped for most applications.

After confirmation, the Reverse Lookup Zone is installed.

DNS Server Installation, Continued

The last thing we still need is a pointer, which points to our subnet 192.168.1.0.

Here, the fully qualified domain name of the server must be given, which is testserver.testdomain.com in this case.

The best way to check if the DNS configuration was successful is via an nslookup, a ping. So that addresses and names outside the local network can also be addressed, we must still inform the DNS server about which server is higher-ranking than it is for external requests.

For the sake of simplicity, we enter the IP address of our DSL router as the DNS forwarder. It will automatically forward requests to the DNS server provided by the Internet provider. You could also enter this directly here.

Configuring Outlook 2007 for LDAP

2008-12-10T23:15:00.000-08:00

This document describes how to configure Outlook 2007 (for Windows) to access the campus LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) server for directory service information.

To Setup LDAP in Outlook 2007:

Launch Outlook.
Click on the Tools menu and select Account Settings.
Select the Address Books tab and click the New... button.

Select the item titled Internet Directory Service (LDAP), and click Next to continue.
In the Server Name: field, type ldap.services.wisc.edu and click on the More Settings...button.
Clicking the More Settings... button might cause an Add E-mail Account warning to appear. Just click OK to continue.
On the "Microsoft LDAP Directory" screen, click on the Search tab at the top.
In the Search Base section, click Custom: and enter dc=wisc,dc=edu in the text field. Click the OK button.
Click Next > and then Finish, and then close the "Account Settings" window to complete the setup.
This service is now setup. Like the warning message said we need to restart Outlook before we can use this service, so close Outlook by choosing Exit from the File menu.

To use the LDAP Directory Service in Outlook 2007:

Launch Outlook. Click on the Tools menu, and select Address Book.
Select Options from the Tools menu.
For the option entitled "Show this address list first:", choose ldap.services.wisc.edu from the dropdown menu. Also, use the up and down arrows to position ldap.services.wisc.edu at the top of the list of address books. Click OK.
Now when you're composing a new message, you can click the button to open the Select Names Window.
Type your search terms in the text box and click the Go Button to perform an LDAP query. You can use the "Advanced Find" link if you wish to perform a more specific LDAP query.
Select the recipients from the results of your search and use the , , and to add them to the message. When you have finished adding recipients to the message, click OK to return to the message window.

DHCP Server Installation

2008-12-10T23:07:00.000-08:00

DHCP Server Installation

Once our server can resolve names and IP addresses and already works in Active Directory mode, only the DHCP server (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is missing. By default, every windows computer looks for such a server in order to pick up its IP address, the Internet gateway and various other network parameters.

After service is installed via [Control Panel] - [Software] - [Windows Components] - [Network Services], it must be managed using the management console. Here, we need an IP address range (see screenshot above).

In turn, address spaces can be excluded from the address range.

The IP lease is a time value that stands for the validity of an IP address. In networks with only a few changes, this lease can easily be a month long, while the use of shorter leases (a few days) makes more sense in frequently changing systems.

Specifying an Internet gateway is very important for the users. In small environments, this is usually the DSL router.

DHCP Server Installation, Continued

Specifying a domain name as well as the DNS server is also important. Here, many DNS servers can be specified, if they are available. For reasons of reliability, the IP address of the DSL router can be given here so that the user can still connect to the Internet if the server crashes or is restarted.

If you didn't install the WINS server, then leave the text boxes empty. Otherwise, the same thing applies as for the DNS settings.

After successfully setting up an address range (scope), the DNS server still has to be authorized in order to work in the Active Directory. A right-click and the right choice of the respective item is all you need. The procedure only takes half a minute.

Finished - DHCP works! However, make sure that only one DHCP server is providing its services in the network. DSL routers often provide similar functions, which of course have to be deactivated.

How do I configure LDAP on Outlook on Exchange

2008-12-10T23:05:00.000-08:00

In Outlook click Tools then Email Accounts..., then select Add a new directory or address book
Click Next, select Internet Directory Service (LDAP), and click Next.>

Enter in ldap.columbia.edu as the Server Name and then click More Settings....
Select the Search tab, and enter the Search base: o=Columbia University, c=us and click OK

Restart Outlook after adding the ldap address book

To access it, make a new email message, click on To:. Select ldap.columbia.edu from the Show Names from the: field.
Click Advanced --> Find....
Enter in the First Name and Last Name and click OK. Note: You can not use the Display Name field.

2 old ways to increase Internet speed but very effective

2008-12-10T22:32:00.001-08:00

First, you can read these posts:

* Speeding up internet does not require software
* How to speed up Internet connections

1 / Decrese bandwith for QOS-AWARE PROGRAMS: as default, Microsoft Windows only use 80% bandwidth for you to access the Web, while 20% use it for "QOS-AWARE PROGRAMS", this procedure will help you take advantage of the residual section that:

- Go to Start> Run, type gpedit.msc> OK.

- Find ComputerConfiguration> AdministarttiveTemplates> Network> Qos> Pack Schduler. Frame on the right, you double-click the Limit reservable bandwith, in the window displays you move through the Settings tab, check the Enable and type 0 in the frame Bandwith Limit (%), then OK. This reduced amount of bandwidth reserves from 20% to 0%.

2 / Edit TCPIP.SYS file: This file management of the Internet connection. First you need to download the file bat has the function of editing TCPIP.SYS here or here. Downloaded, unzip file and run Bat, type Y to agree, when asked to put the disk into the windows you click Cancel. Finally, press any key to close the DOS window, restart the computer.

When you want to go back to the old, you also open files on this bat, when asked, enter 10, press Y to return the old values.

P / S: 2 ways this is very, very effective and very easy to do, but only for Windows XP.

2 old ways to increase Internet speed but very effective

2008-12-10T22:32:00.000-08:00

First, you can read these posts:

* Speeding up internet does not require software
* How to speed up Internet connections

Dell Laptops Information About the Battery LEDs

2008-11-04T23:49:00.000-08:00

Information About the Battery LEDs on a Dell™ Portable System

Table of Contents

Portable Battery Pack Charge Status Indicators

Battery degradation status indication.

System Battery/Charge LED

Troubleshooting Battery Codes

» Portable Battery Pack Charge Status Indicators

The charge state of the battery pack is monitored and stored within registers internal to the battery pack electronics. This may be referred to as a fuel gauge. The charge status LEDs on the battery pack indicate the remaining charge in the following manner:

	Note:
	Not all Dell™ portable system models have the LED bar graph on the battery pack. Check the system documentation for availability.

- 81% - 100% charge capacity remaining
- 61% - 80% charge capacity remaining
- 41% - 60% charge capacity remaining
- 21% - 40% charge capacity remaining
- 5% - 20% charge capacity remaining
- 0% - 4% charge capacity remaining
- The battery pack has failed or is damaged.

» Battery degradation status indication.

Portable system batteries as with all other rechargeable batteries degrade over time. The amount of time the battery will operate the device on a full charge will reduce as the battery ages. This performance loss is also based on the number of times the battery is discharged and charged. Dell portable system batteries provide a way to monitor the degradation. The degradation status will display after holding the battery check button, located on the battery pack, down for more than 3 seconds. The battery pack LEDs will then show overall battery degradation after the charge gauge reports the battery's current charge capacity. The degradation LEDs display the following:

- 100% – 80% charge performance is remaining
- 79 – 75% charge performance is remaining
- 74 – 70% charge performance is remaining
- 69 – 65% charge performance is remaining
- 64 – 60% charge performance is remaining
- 59% or less charge performance is remaining

» System Battery/Charge LED

The hinge or system battery LED can indicate many battery states. The LED can blink and change color representing the battery's current operational condition. The LED indicates the following states (click the image for a larger view in a new window):

- Temporary Battery Failure
- Fatal Battery Failure
- Unsupported (non-Dell) Batter
- Battery Below Low Battery 2 Threshold
- Battery Below Low Battery 1 Threshold
- Battery Being Charged
- Battery in Trickle Charge Mode

» Troubleshooting Battery Codes

No Power When Using Only the AC Adapter on a Dell™ Laptop Computer



Date Published:	8/14/2003
Last Revised:	10/2/2008

STEP: Shut Down the System

Additional Information

1 Click Start.

2 Click Shutdown.

3 Choose Shutdown from the menu.

4 Click OK.

5 Allow the system to power off.

	Note:
	If the system does not complete the power down cycle, hold the power button down for 10 seconds or until the system powers down.

How to troubleshoot missing network connections icons in Windows Server 2003 and in Windows XP

2008-11-03T21:19:00.000-08:00

SYMPTOMS

When you click Start, point to and click Control Panel, and then double-click Network Connections, or if you right-click My Network Places on the desktop and then click Properties, you do not see all network icons. Or, you may experience problems with the Network Connections window.

To know which method you should try first to resolve your problem, review the following four cases to determine which symptoms match your situation.

Case 1: All or some of the network icons are missing.

•	The LAN or High-Speed Internet connection icon is missing.
•	The Dial-up Connection icons are missing.
•	The New Connection Wizard icon is missing.
•	Only the New Connection Wizard icon appears. Or, one or more dial-up connections also appear.
•	If you click the Advanced menu and then click Advanced Settings, only the [Remote Access connections] entry appears in the Connections list.

If this case describes your situation, you should first try Method 1 in the "General troubleshooting" section to let Windows automatically detect and install network adapters.

Case 2: Only the "Dial-up Connection" icons are missing.

If this case describes your situation, you should first try Method 5 in the "General troubleshooting methods" section to add a generic standard modem.

Case 3: The Network Connections window stops responding (hangs) or closes immediately after you select a network connection and then click "Properties"

If this case describes your situation, try Method 4 in the "Advanced troubleshooting" section to reconstruct the Config entry of the Network subkey. If you do not feel comfortable performing advanced troubleshooting, you may want to ask someone for help or contact support.

Case 4: The network icon disappears only after you manually connect to the network.

If this describes your situation, try Method 3 in the "Advanced troubleshooting" section to use the Group Policy Results tool or the Group Policy Management Console to diagnose and resolve the problem. If you do not feel comfortable performing advanced troubleshooting, you may want to ask someone for help or contact support.

General troubleshooting

Method 1: Let Windows automatically detect and install network adapters

Windows can automatically detect and install the correct network adapters for you. It will also correct any corrupted registry entries on the network adapter.

To direct Windows to automatically detect and install network adapters for you, follow these steps:

1.	Right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.
2.	Click the Hardware tab, and then click Device Manager.
3.	To see a list of installed network adapters, expand Network adapter(s). Click to locate the network adapter, and then click Uninstall.
4.	Restart the computer, and then let the system automatically detect and install the network adapter drivers.

Check to see whether your networking icons appear. If this method worked for you, you are finished with this article. However, you might want to read the "Prevention tips" section to learn how you can avoid this problem in the future.

If this method did not work for you, try Method 2.

Back to the top

Method 2: Verify network settings and services

Network settings such as adapter settings, services settings, the logon setting, the desktop interaction setting, and networking services settings enable you to use your computer to connect to a network. If these settings are incorrect, network connectivity issues can occur.

To verify network settings and services, follow these steps:

Verify that the correct network adapter is selected. A network adapter is a device that enables you to connect a computer to a network. It is also known as a network interface card (NIC).

a.	Right-click My Computer, click Properties, click the Hardware tab, and then click Device Manager.
b.	Double-click Network adapters, and then verify that the correct network adapter name is selected. If you do not know the name of your network adapter, don't worry. For now, just make sure that an adapter is selected.
c.	Double-click the network adapter, and then verify that the "This device is working properly" message appears in the Device status box on the General tab. If you do not see this message, click Troubleshoot, and follow the directions.
d.	After you confirm that the correct network adapter is selected and is working properly, you can close all the open dialog boxes.

Verify that the necessary services are started. The Services settings simply direct the system to stop, start, and administer system services.

Right-click My Computer, and then click Manage.

Double-click Services and Applications, and then click Services.

In the right pane, look at the Status column. You may need to expand the box so that you can see all the columns. Make sure that the following services are started:

•	Remote procedure call (RPC) (This service must be started before other services can take effect.).
•	Network Connections (This service can only start if the RPC service is active.)
•	Plug and Play
•	COM+ Event System (This service can only start if the RPC service is active.)
•	Remote Access Connection Manager (This service can only start if Telephony service is active.)
•	Telephony (This service can only start if the RPC service and the PnP Service are active.)

To start a service, right-click the service name, and then click Start.

Do not close the Computer Management box because you will need to check additional settings in the remaining steps.

Verify the logon setting.

a.	In the right pane, double-click COM+ Event System service.
b.	Click the Log On tab.
c.	Under Log on as, verify that the Local System account is selected.

Verify the desktop interaction setting.

a.	Double-click the Network Connections service.
b.	Click the Log On tab.
c.	Under Log on as, verify that the Local System Account option is selected.
d.	Verify that the Allow service to interact with desktop check box is selected, and then click OK.
e.	Close the Computer Management box.

Verify the network services setting.

a.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
b.	Double-click Add or Remove Programs.
c.	Click Add/Remove Windows Components.
d.	Scroll down and then click Networking Services, and then click Details. Verify that Simple TCP/IP Services is turned on, and then click OK.
e.	Close all the open dialog boxes.

Verify that the network DLL files are registered correctly. DLL files are small files that include a library of functions and data that can be shared across multiple applications.

a.	Click Start, and then click Run.
b.	In the Run box, type cmd.exe, and then click OK.
c.	Type the following lines. Press ENTER after you type each line. This command text is difficult to type. Be sure that you type it exactly as it appears below. Or you may find it easier to copy and paste the text instead. Click OK when the RegSvr32 dialog box appears for each command. regsvr32 netshell.dll regsvr32 netcfgx.dll regsvr32 netman.dll
d.	Restart the computer. Check to see whether your networking icons appear. If this method worked for you, you are finished with this article. However, you might want to read the "Prevention tips" section to avoid this problem in the future. If this method did not work for you, try Method 3.

Method 4: Use the Dcomcnfg.exe utility to reset the "Default Impersonation Level" setting

This setting tells the computer how you want it to authenticate who can connect to a network. This method sounds more intimidating than what it really is. The DCOM Config utility has a point-and-click interface, and you just need to follow the steps, and it will do the "dirty" work for you.

Before you get started, you will need to make sure that you are logged on to the computer by using an administrator account. With an administrator account, you can make changes to your computer that you cannot make with any other account, such as a standard account. If you are using your own computer, chances are that you are logged on with an administrator account.

If you are unsure whether you have administrative user rights, follow these steps. Otherwise, go to step 1.

Open the Date and Time Properties dialog box.

a.	Click Start, and then click Run.
b.	In the Open box, type timedate.cpl, and then press ENTER.

Now determine whether you are logged on with an administrator account.

•	If the Date and Time Properties dialog box opened after you performed step 1, you are logged on as a computer administrator. Close the Date and Time Properties dialog box, and then continue with this method.
•	If you received the following message, you are not logged on as an administrator: You do not have the proper privilege level to change the system time.

To continue with this task, you must first log off, and then log back on to Windows by using a computer administrator account. If you do not know how to log back on to Windows by using a computer administrator account, you might have to ask someone for help. If this computer is part of a network at work, you can ask the system administrator for help. However, if you have to perform this task on a home computer that is not part of a network, you must know the password for an administrator account on your computer.

Unfortunately, if you do not know the password for any administrator account on your computer, this content is unable to help you any further. You may want to contact support. See "Next steps" for information about how to contact support.

To run the Dcomcnfg.exe utility to rest the Default Impersonation Level setting, follow these steps:

1.	Click Start, and then click Run.
2.	Type dcomcnfg, and then click OK.
3.	In Component Services, click Computers, right-click the computer whose machine-wide impersonation level that you want to modify (for example, My Computer), and then click Properties.
4.	Click the Default Properties tab, and then click to select the Enable Distributed COM on this computer check box for this computer.
5.	Click the down arrow in the Default Impersonation Level box, and then click any setting other than Anonymous, and then click OK.

The new machine-wide impersonation level is available the next time that you start a program. Programs that are currently running are not affected until you restart them.

Check to see whether your networking icons appear. If this method worked for you, you are finished with this article.

If this method did not work for you, you can try Method 5.

Method 5: If only the Dial-up Connection icons are missing, temporarily add a new modem

Try adding a standard modem. Often, just the process of adding a new modem causes the connection icons to reappear. To add a standard modem, complete these steps:

1.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2.	If it is not already selected, click Switch to Classic View. This option appears on the left side of Control Panel.
3.	Double-click Phone and Modem Options.
4.	Click Modems, and then click Add. The Add Hardware Wizard starts.
5.	Click to select the Don't detect my modem I will select it from a list check box, and then click Next.
6.	Select a standard modem from the list on the left, and then click Next. When the icons reappear, you can safely delete the modem that you added in this procedure.

Method 1: Verify that all Windows Protected Files in the System 32 folder are intact

System File Checker enables an administrator to scan all protected files to verify their versions. If System File Checker discovers that a protected file has been overwritten, it retrieves the correct version of the file from the cache folder (%Systemroot%\System32\Dllcache) or from the Windows installation source files, and then it replaces the incorrect file. System File Checker also checks and repopulates the cache folder. You must be logged on as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group to run System File Checker.

To run System File Checker, open a command prompt, type sfc /purgecache, and then press ENTER. The Window File Checker starts.

Method 3: Use the Group Policy Results tool to see which Group Policy objects are applied

If the icon is being deleted only after you manually connect to the network, follow these steps:

1.	Restart the computer while it is not connected to the network to see whether a Group Policy object (GPO) is being downloaded.
2.	Start the Group Policy Results tool to find out which GPOs are applied. For more information about how to use the Group Policy Results tool, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 321709 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/321709/) How to use the Group Policy Results tool in Windows 2000
3.	Click Start, click Run, type gpedit.msc, and press ENTER.
4.	Locate and open Group policy/User Configuration/Windows Settings/Internet Explorer Maintenance/Connection/Connection Settings/.

Method 4: Reset the network connections

Important This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For added protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

322756 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/) How to back up and restore the registry in Windows

If the Network Connections window starts to open, but then closes immediately or "hangs," complete these steps:

1.	Click Start, click Run, type regedit, and then press ENTER.
2.	Locate and then click the following registry subkey: HKEY_LOCAL-MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Network
3.	Right-click this subkey, click Export, and then save the selected branch in a file.
4.	Click the Network subkey again, and then delete the Config entry. Do not delete the Network subkey. The Config entry will be reconstructed when you restart the computer.
5.	Restart the computer. You may have to manually turn off the computer.

Method 5: Verify that the registry keys are intact and correct

To verify that the registry keys are intact and correct, complete these steps:

Click Start, click Run, type regedit, and then press ENTER.

Locate and then click the following registry subkey:

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Interface\{0000010C-0000-0000-C000-00000000046}

Verify that the subkeys NumMethods and ProxyStubClsid32 exist and that their values are correct. If these registry subkeys do not exist, create them. For more information about how to create these registry subkeys, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

Method 6: Check for nonpresent, ghosted, or hidden network adapters

To uninstall the ghosted network adapter from the registry, complete these steps:

1.	Click Start, click Run, type cmd.exe, and then press ENTER.
2.	Type set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1, and then press ENTER.
3.	Type Start DEVMGMT.MSC, and then press ENTER.
4.	Click View, and then click Show Hidden Devices.
5.	Expand the Network adapters tree.
6.	Right-click the dimmed network adapter, and then click Uninstall.

Method 7: Remove all the AutoDiscovery/AutoPurge (ADAP) information from the registry and reset the state of each performance library

To do this, open a command prompt, type winmgmt / clearadap, and then press ENTER.

SYMPTOMS

When you open the Network and Dial-up Connections folder, your Local Area Connection and dial-up connection icons may not be visible, although networking continues to function correctly. The only icon in the folder is the Make New Connection icon.

CAUSE

This behavior can occur if the following registry key or one of its subkeys has been deleted or changed to an invalid value:

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Interface\{0000010C-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}

RESOLUTION

322756 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322756/) How to back up and restore the registry in Windows

1.	Start Notepad.
2.	Type the following lines in Notepad: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Interface\{0000010c-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}] @="IPersist" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Interface\{0000010c-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}\NumMethods] @="4" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Interface\{0000010c-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}\ProxyStubClsid32] @="{00000320-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}"
3.	Save the file as Restore.reg. Note that Notepad may add a .txt extension to the file name. If this occurs, rename the file to Restore.reg.
4.	Double-click the Restore.reg file.
5.	When you are prompted to confirm that you want to add the information to the registry, click Yes.
6.	Restart your computer.

How can I install Windows Vista?

2008-10-29T04:04:00.000-07:00

As a Microsoft Windows Vista support professional, one of your tasks may be to install the operating system.

Step #1: Plan your installation

When you run the Windows Vista Setup program, you must provide information about how to install and configure the operating system. Thorough planning can make your installation of Windows Vista more efficient by helping you to avoid potential problems during installation. An understanding of the configuration options will also help to ensure that you have properly configured your system.

I won't go into that part right now (I might later this month, no promises...) but here are some of the most important things you should take into consideration when planning for your Windows Vista installation:

Check System Requirements
Check Hardware and Software Compatibility
Determine Disk Partitioning Options
Decide on a Workgroup or Domain Installation
Complete a Pre-Installation Checklist

After you made sure you can go on, start the installation process.

Step #2: Beginning the installation process

You can install Windows Vista in several methods - all are valid and good, it all depends upon your needs and your limitations. In this manual I will focus on the simplest form of installation - directly from the Windows Vista DVD media.

So, insert your Windows Vista DVD media into your DVD drive and reboot your computer. A black window will appear momentarily while the DVD content is read.

Step #3: The GUI-based portion of the Setup program

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Vista does not have a noticeable text phase of the setup process, and it will boot directly into the Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode.

After a few moments you will see the first prompt:

Press Next unless you want to change some regional settings for the installation process.

Press the Install now button.

After a short delay you're be prompted to enter your product key:

If you skip it, you'll be prompted for a Vista version that matches your product key (the one you don't have handy at that moment):

You now have to accept the license terms:

Next you need to press the Custom (Advanced) installation type button:

The Upgrade button is disabled because this specific installation if performed on a new computer without any previous operating system on it.

The next phase is to pick the installation partition. Since this computer has a new hard disk that hasn't been formatted before, you will only have the option to create a new partition on it. Had it had previous partitions on it you could have chosen to either delete them or perform other tasks. Pressing the Advanced button will bring up the following options.

Since we don't need to perform any additional task we will just press on the Next button. The installation process will then create a partition on all the available disk space, and format it.

The setup process will now begin to copy files from the installation DVD media to the hard disk.

This will take some time:

After some time (the exact amount of time will greatly depend on your computer's hardware), the setup process will install updates for the operating system.

The computer will then automatically reboot.

Now comes a long waiting period, where the installation process configures the system. Again, the exact amount of time will greatly depend on your computer's hardware.

After the long wait, the system will then reboot once again.
You will think something went wrong because of the relative long time it take the system to display anything besides the black screen, but finally, after a few moments you will note a small colored circle:

A few seconds after that you will be prompted to enter a username and password for the first user on the computer.

Although the setup program will let you continue without entering a password, note that it is very advisable to enter a password here, and the best option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 7 characters or more (something like P@ssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). Make sure you remember it.

Also pick your user's display picture. This can be changed later.

Pick a name for your computer. The setup program will create one based upon the username you chose in the previous step, but you can change it now (and later).

Also pick a background for the user's desktop. This can be changed later.

Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate firewall (and even then, in some cases, this would be the best option). If you plan to install a 3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later.

Note that this setting will also have effect on how the computer uses the Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic Updates) features.

Next comes the Time Zone settings window. Choose your location.

A note for Israeli users: Finally! Windows Vista has the DST setting enabled for us!!!

Done! You're prompted with the last setup screen:

Again a long wait and some promotional screens you see the hourglass circling around, in preparation for the first logon.

Finally, the first screen appears, you're ready to rock and roll!

Note that if the computer was connected to the Internet while installing it, it will automatically download and prompt you to install any missing hotfix or update it finds for the current state of the operating system.

Done!

Wireless Router

2008-10-29T03:52:00.001-07:00

Introduction

A wireless router is a network device that performs the functions of a router but also includes the functions of a wireless access point. It can function in a wired LAN, a wireless only LAN, or a mixed wired/wireless network. Most current wireless routers have the following characteristics:

-LAN ports, which function in the same manner as the ports of a network switch
-A WAN port, to connect to a wider area network. The routing functions are filtered using this port. If it is not used, many functions of the router will be bypassed.
-Wireless antennae. These allow connections from other wireless devices (NICs (network interface cards), wireless repeaters, wireless access points, and wireless bridges, for example).

The wireless functions operate as a separate nested "mini-LAN" within the router. The devices that connect wirelessly use the wireless router as their hub, and the wireless router presents that "mini-LAN" as a single device to the rest of the LAN.

Wireless routers, access points, and bridges are available that utilize each of the commonly used wireless frequencies (used in the Wireless-B, Wireless-A (and -G), and Wireless-N standards). The frequency bands for these wireless standards can be used license-free in most countries.

Wireless routers can work with devices in a point-to-point mode, but more commonly functions in a point to multipoint mode.

Wireless devices used that communicate with the wireless router must be set to the same service set identifier (SSID) and radio channel.

Netbooting Wirelessly

Unless you have a wireless card with a PXE-ROM chip built into it, it is not easy to directly netboot over a wireless connection. BIOS-based PXE algorithms usually only search for a wired NIC card to be used in a PXE netboot.

Some users have cleverly connected a Wireless Bridge (i.e. a wireless router or wireless access point set to the "bridge" mode) to the wired NIC card in their PC. The PC then netboots through the wired Ethernet NIC as usual, but the data is then transmitted from the NIC to the Wireless AP/Router connected to it and then wirelessly "across the bridge" to the central Wireless Router.

This solution works pretty well, but of course you must have two Wireless Access Points/Routers (one on each side of the "bridge"). Still, this is sometimes easier than running extra Ethernet cables throughout your home.

Wireless network

Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network (a type of communications network).[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or "layer" of the network.

Types

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is similar to other wireless devices and uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth between computers on the same network.

Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless network in computer systems which enable connection to the internet or other machines that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers that are attached to different computers or mobile phones.
Fixed wireless data : Fixed wireless data is a type of wireless data network that can be used to connect two or more buildings together in order to extend or share the network bandwidth without physically wiring the buildings together.

Wireless MAN

Wireless Metropolitan area networks are type of wireless network that connects several Wireless LANs.

The IEEE 802-2001 standard describes a MAN as being:

A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks. Metropolitan area networks can span up to 50km, devices used are modem and wire/cable

Implementation

Some technologies used for this purpose are ATM, FDDI, and SMDS. These older technologies are in the process of being displaced by Ethernet-based MANs (e.g. Metro Ethernet) in most areas. MAN links between LANs have been built without cables using either microwave, radio, or infra-red laser links. Most companies rent or lease circuits from common carriers due to the fact that laying long stretches of cable can be expensive.

DQDB, Distributed Queue Dual Bus, is the Metropolitan Area Network standard for data communication. It is specified in the IEEE 802.6 standard. Using DQDB, networks can be up to 30 miles (50km) long and operate at speeds of 34 to 155 Mbit/s.

Several notable networks started as MANs, such as the Internet peering points MAE-West, MAE-East, and the Sohonet media network

Mobile devices networks

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems which are :the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)). The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred where it needs to go (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)). This is used for cellular phones, is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cellular providers.[3]
Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS.
D-AMPS: D-AMPS, which stands for Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, is an upgraded version of AMPS but it is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.

Wireless networks have had a significant impact on the world as far back as World War II. Through the use of wireless networks, information could be sent overseas or behind enemy lines easily, effieciently and more reliably. Since then wireless networks have continued to develop and its uses have significantly grown. Cellular phones are part of huge wireless network systems. People use these phones daily to communicate with one another. Sending information over seas is possible through wireless network systems using satellites and other signals to communicate across the world. Emergency services such as the police department utilize wireless networks to communicate important information quickly. People and businesses use wireless networks to send and share data quickly whether it be in a small office building or across the world.^[4]

Another important use for wireless networks is as an inexpensive and rapid way to be connected to the Internet in countries and regions where the telecom infrastructure is poor or there is a lack of resources, like most developing countries.

Compatibility issues also arise when dealing with wireless networks. Different components not made by the same company may not work together, or might require extra work to fix compatibility issues. Wireless networks are typically slower than those that are directly connected through an Ethernet cable.

A wireless network is more vulnerable because anyone can try to break into a network broadcasting a signal. Many networks offer WEP -Wired Equivalent Privacy- security systems which have been found to be vulnerable to intrusion. Though WEP does block some intruders, the security problems have caused some businesses to stick with wired networks until security can be improved. Another type of security for wireless networks is WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access. WPA provides more security to wireless networks than a WEP security set up. The use of firewalls will help with security breaches which can help to fix security problems in some wireless networks that are more vulnerable.

Wireless Router

2008-10-29T03:52:00.000-07:00

-LAN ports, which function in the same manner as the ports of a network switch
-A WAN port, to connect to a wider area network. The routing functions are filtered using this port. If it is not used, many functions of the router will be bypassed.
-Wireless antennae. These allow connections from other wireless devices (NICs (network interface cards), wireless repeaters, wireless access points, and wireless bridges, for example).

Types

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is similar to other wireless devices and uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth between computers on the same network.

Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless network in computer systems which enable connection to the internet or other machines that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers that are attached to different computers or mobile phones.
Fixed wireless data : Fixed wireless data is a type of wireless data network that can be used to connect two or more buildings together in order to extend or share the network bandwidth without physically wiring the buildings together.

Wireless MAN

Implementation

Mobile devices networks

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems which are :the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)). The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred where it needs to go (Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)). This is used for cellular phones, is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cellular providers.[3]
Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS.
D-AMPS: D-AMPS, which stands for Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, is an upgraded version of AMPS but it is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.

How To Format Any Size USB Drive as NTFS

2008-10-18T01:52:00.000-07:00

If you take a typical USB stick and select the Windows format option, you only get the FAT and FAT32 option for anything under 4GBs. However, there are times you might want to format as NTFS. For example, you want to set specific file and folder privileges to the content and you feel NTFS is the best way.

Well, there is an easy solution and it’s just a matter of setting the options correctly in Windows for your device.

This is how you do it:

Start > My Computer > Right click on the drive letter for the USB stick and select Properties.

Next click the Hardware tab of the Properties dialogue box and select the device which you’d like to change. In this case, it’s drive letter F shown as “Simple Flash Disk 2.0 USB Device“ From here you can double-click the device or highlight in blue and click the Properties button.

The next step is click the Policies tab and set the device to “Optimize for Performance”

Once you’ve completed this, click out of each screen by pressing OK. The final step is going back to the USB stick you want to format, Right click and select Format and now the option for NTFS is available. Format away!

As you can see in this example, I’m able to format even a small USB stick of only 256MBs. Comments? Post them in the forum.

USB - Universal Serial Bus

2008-10-18T01:05:00.000-07:00

USB Universal Serial Bus
Original USB Logo
Year created:	January 1996

In information technology, Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices to a host computer. USB was designed to allow many peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket and to improve the plug-and-play capabilities by allowing hot swapping, that is, by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the computer or turning off the device. Other convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices without the need for an external power supply and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufacturer specific, individual device drivers to be installed.

USB is intended to replace many legacy varieties of serial and parallel ports. USB can connect computer peripherals such as mouse, keyboards, PDAs, gamepads and joysticks, scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, and flash drives. For many of those devices USB has become the standard connection method. USB was originally designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on other devices such as PDAs and video game consoles, and as a bridging power cord between a device and an AC adapter plugged into a wall plug for charging purposes. As of 2008, there are about 2 billion USB devices in the world.^[1]

The USB "trident" logo

A conventional USB hub.

A USB host may have multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more USB ports. Up to 127 devices, including the hub devices, may be connected to a single host controller.

USB signaling

USB supports three data rates:

The Full Speed rate of 12 Mbit/s (1.5 MB/s) is the basic USB data rate defined by USB 1.0. All USB hubs support Full Speed.
A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbit/s (187.5 kB/s) is also defined by USB 1.0. It is very similar to full speed operation except that each bit takes 8 times as long to transmit. It is intended primarily to save cost in low-bandwidth Human Interface Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, and joysticks.
A High-Speed (USB 2.0) rate of 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) was introduced in USB 2.0. All high-speed devices are capable of falling back to full-speed operation if necessary.

Experimental data rate:

A Super-Speed (USB 3.0) rate of 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s). The USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008, according to early reports from CNET news. According to Intel, bus speeds will be 10 times faster than USB 2.0 due to the inclusion of a fibre-optic link that works with traditional copper connectors. Products using the 3.0 specification are likely to arrive in 2009 or 2010.

Types of USB connector

Micro-USB Connectors

USB Connectors

Different types of USB connectors from left to right
• 8-pin mystery plug
• Mini-B plug
• B-type plug
• A-type receptacle
• A-type plug

Pin configuration of the USB connectors Standard A/B, viewed from face of plug

Micro-USB Receptacles

USB cables

Pin	Name	Cable color	Description
1	VCC	Red	+5V
2	D−	White	Data −
3	D+	Green	Data +
4	GND	Black	Ground

The maximum length of a standard USB cable is 5.0 meters (16.4 ft). The primary reason for this limit is the maximum allowed round-trip delay of about 1500 ns.

Miniplug/Microplug
Pin	Name	Color	Description
1	VCC	Red	+5 V
2	D−	White	Data −
3	D+	Green	Data +
4	ID	none	permits distinction of Micro-A- and Micro-B-Plug Type A: connected to Ground Type B: not connected
5	GND	Black	Signal Ground

The data cables are a twisted pair to reduce noise and crosstalk.

Mystery micro plug

The mystery plug, on a cable for my Pentax K10D

The mystery plug, on a cable for my Panasonic DMC-TZ3

(continuing the above section, on the small 8-pin plug which is apparently misidentified as "micro-B" in this image)

Wireless USB is a short-range, high-bandwidth wireless radio communication protocol created by the Wireless USB Promoter Group. Wireless USB is sometimes abbreviated as "WUSB", although the USB Implementers Forum discourages this practice and instead prefers to call the technology "Certified Wireless USB" to differentiate it from competitors. Wireless USB is based on the WiMedia Alliance's Ultra-WideBand (UWB) common radio platform, which is capable of sending 480 Mbit/s at distances up to 3 meters and 110 Mbit/s at up to 10 meters. It was designed to operate in the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz frequency range, although local regulatory policies may restrict the legal operating range for any given country.

An upcoming 1.1 specification will increase speed to 1 Gbit/s and working frequencies up to 6 GHz.

“Wireless USB” is also the name of a separate wireless protocol created by Cypress Semiconductor for human interface devices.

USB Led Light Electronics

Optical USB Mini Mouse Electronics

Lis

DESCRIPTION:

The only iPod charger you will ever need - high quality, multi-optional and convenient!

Our multi charger offers the perfect charging for any iPod

With our multi charger, you will get a mains, Car and USB charger in one great pack. Whatever iPod you have, simply attach the compatible adaptor to your power source of choice!

COMPATIBLE WITH:

iPod shuffle, iPod 3G, iPod 4G, iPod Color, iPod Photo, iPod Video, iPod Mini & iPod Nano

CONTENTS:

Mains, USB travel charger, CAR charger

Adapters - 2

2008-10-18T00:53:00.000-07:00

http://www.allpinouts.org/index.php/Main_Page

Cable pinout for: S-Video to SCART

video cable wiring

4 pin mini-DIN male connector

21 pin SCART male connector

Cable pinout for: HDMI to DVI cable scheme

video cable wiring

19 pin HDMI type A connector

24 pin DVI-D female connector

Adapters - 1 (Cable Converters)

2008-10-17T23:59:00.000-07:00

USB to Serial RS-232 DB-25 Adapter Cable

USB To Dual PS/2 Converter Cable , Adapter Connect Keyboard Mouse PS2

The USB to PS/2 Converter is the best solution for those who want to use legacy PS/2 devices on new USB systems. You can connect a PS/2 mouse and keyboard through the USB port on any computer. Enjoy using your keyboard and mouse connected to the USB-PS/2 adapter as a USB-compatible device!

APPLE iPod USB POWER ADAPTER CHARGER

Features : Use this compact, convenient USB-based adapter to charge your iPod at home, on the road, or whenever your iPod is not connected to a computer.

Use this compact, convenient USB-based adapter to charge your iPod at home, on the road, or whenever your iPod is not connected to a computer.
Simply plug the adapter into a wall outlet and connect to your iPod for recharging.

DVI-I MALE TO VGA FEMALE CONVERTER ADAPTER MONITOR

Features

The DVI to VGA Converter connects computers with DVI connectors to analog VGA monitors or projectors

The converter changes your computer's digital DVI signal to analog graphic signal, so that VGA analog display devices can be connected to your computer with digital output easily and conveniently

This adapter provides people who want to use the dual monitors for their working/gaming environment

If you display card has two output port, one VGA and one DVI, then, you can simply attach the adapter to the DVI connector from your video card and convert it to VGA connector for setting up dual monitors / projectors

USB 2.0 to IDE Hard Drive / ATAPI CONVERTER ADAPTER CABLE

About this Product

Features : -

Complies with USB 2.0 and backward USB 1.1

Support Both 2.5" and 3.5" HD Drive

Complies with ATA / ATAPI - 6 Spe. V1.0

Complies with USB Storage Class spec. 1.0

USB 2.0 High Speed (480 Mbit) and full speed (12Mbit) support.

Supports Self-Power modes

Supports USB Suspend/Resume Wake-up ability.

Supports IDE & enhanced IDE hard disk

Supports ATA/ATAPI CD-ROM/CDR/CDRW/DVD-ROM & more

Supports Windows 98 SE/ME/2000/XP and Mac OS 8.6 or above

Supporting system start up (MB must support USB mass storage device boot up!)

Hot-swappable (Don't have to reboot the computer)

Plug and Play

IDE / ATAPI to USB 2.0 Convertor Cable

Driver CD for WIN98SE

IDE to SATA SATA 2 IDE HDD CONVERTER CABLE ADAPTER

Now: Rs. 500
About this Product

General Features:

One to One Serial ATA (SATA) to Parallel ATA interface adapter
Compliant with Serial ATA 1.0 specification
Supports data rate of 1.5Gb/s for Serial ATA mode transferring
Supports Ultra ATA 133 and backward compatibility
Support 3.5� IDE hard drive and 5.25� CDROM
Power-On and Read/Write access LED indicators
Driverless (No driver required)

Power adapter Features:

Convert a single 12V input to FDD and HDD power connectors with 5V and 12V outputs
Suitable for any 3.5-inch Hard Drives and 5.25-inch Optical devices
Built-in On/Off switch
Two LED indicators showing operation status of 5V and 12V
Specially designed to suit any 12V power supply with at least 1.6 Ampere

Specifications:

Serial-ATA (SATA) Interface
Serial-ATA 1.0 specification compliant
External power connector
IDE Interface
Support ATA PIO and UDMA modes
Support 3.5-inch IDE hard drive and 5.25-inch optical drives

2.5mm to 3.5mm Male Stereo Plug Converter adapter to connect your 2.5mm Headphone to 3.5mm devices

2.5mm Male to 3.5mm Female Audio Adapter Cable

USB to Serial DB9 Converter Adapter/Cable for Laptop & PC


	Connect your iPod to your Car Deck with this Cassette Adapter - Buy 1 Get 1 Free

USB to IDE Converter Adapter Cable, Externally Connect Internal Devices Like Hard Disk, CD / DVD Rom / Writer - FREE External SMPS

Charger Adapter CA-44 for Nokia N70, N90 & More (Buy 1 Get 1 Free)


	20 PIN TO 24 PIN ATX SMPS POWER SUPPLY CONVERTER


	PCMCIA to Parrallel Port (LPT1) converter

Add-on Standard Parallel Port for Notebook PCs to connect printers and other parallel devices data acquisition, machine proces control, scientific measurement systems and software protection dongles


	USB to Parallel Converter Printer Cable DB-36 (pin)

Bi-directional parallel interface communication
Fully compatible with all parallel printer


	Convert One USB Port INTO 4 USB Ports (USB Hub Box Pack)

Price of Cables & Adapter Cards

2008-10-17T23:46:00.000-07:00

Microsim Quality AV Cable for Ipod Photo and Video
MICROSIM Quality AV cable for Ipod Photo and Video (4G/5G models) A must have accessory for Ipod photo and video owners Key Specifications/Special Features: * Provides ...

Rs. 625.00
Rediff Shopping

Nokia compatible Mobile Phone Data Cable DKU-2
Data Cable: Manage your cell phone resources on your computer. Get a cell phone data cable today!! By connecting your laptop to your cell phone with the USB Data Cable, it ...

Rs. 329.00
Rediff Shopping

PC Network Cable Tester RJ45 RJ-45 RJ11 RJ-11 Cat5
PC Network Cable Tester RJ45 RJ-45 RJ11 RJ-11 Cat5 The base unit of the cable tester can be connected via a network cable directly to a hub or switch to test wire connections, ...

Rs. 499.00
Rediff Shopping

New Useful USB to PS/2 Adapter
?New Useful USB to PS/2 Adapter Connect PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse to USB Computer Connect PS/2 Port on KVM Switch to USB Port Also known as: USB to PS/2 Adapter, PS/2 USB ...

Rs. 249.00
Rediff Shopping

PC Network Cable Tester RJ45 RJ-45 RJ11 RJ-11 Cat5
The base unit of the cable tester can be connected via a network cable directly to a hub or switch to test wire connections, or to a network card to test the send receive pairs ...

Rs. 499.00
Rediff Shopping

Bluetooth Adaptor DBT - 120
Product Features Connect with Bluetooth Enabled Devices Works with PC & Mac Seamless Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) Connectivity ...

Rs. 2,185.00
Rediff Shopping

NEW 4 PORT USB HUB
" Hassle free, convenient 4 port USB 2.0 Hub with attractive design & revolutionary Y - cable 4 Ports Specification - USB 2.0 Compatibility - Backward compatible with USB ...

Rs. 650.00
Rediff Shopping

Wireless USB Adaptor DWL - G 122
Product Features Up to 54Mbps*. 802.11g Standard, 802.11b Compatible. Protect Your Network with WPA and 802.1x Security. Quick and Easy Setup.

Rs. 3,800.00
Rediff Shopping

New Audio Extension Stereo Cable - 5 meters
New Audio Extension Stereo Cable - 5 meters Length - 5 Meters This is a Audio Extension Cable for Stereo Speakers specially for Computer Speakers So now it is not necessary to ...

Rs. 199.00
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Airplus Xtreme G2.4 Gz Wireless Access Point DWL - 2100 AP
Product Features: Up to 108Mbps * WPA & 802.1x Authentication SNMP Management Software Included Also Work as Point-To-Point Bridge, Point-to-Multipoint Bridge, Repeater, ...

Rs. 6,650.00
Rediff Shopping

X-Micro 802.11g Broadband Wi-Fi Router (54mbps) for Wi-Fi Networking, WITH 1 YR. WARRANTY
WITH 1 YEAR WARRANTY , QUALITY PRODUCT Specifications of Wireless Router X-Micro 802.11g Broadband Router (54mbps) Features Model Name - XWL-11GRIX ...

Rs. 3,648.00
Rediff Shopping

Bluetooth USB Dongle (upto 100m)
USB(V1.1) Bluetooth Class 1 Dongle This dongle has a Bluetooth Class 1 rating, designed to operate within an effective range of a whopping 100 meters !!! Experience a bigger ...

Rs. 399.00
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New USB Extension Cable very useful for all users
New USB Extension Cable very useful for all users -Standard USB Cable -USB 2.0 Compliant -Backward Compatible with USB 1.0 Standards -5 Feet Long - A to A type - Male to ...

Rs. 99.00
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USB Extension Cable 10 feet
USB Extension Cable Features? ? Standard USB Cable USB 2.0 Compliant Backward Compatible with USB 1.0 Standards A to A type - Male to Female Extension Connector Works with all ...

Rs. 149.00
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USB to 4-pin Mini-USB Cable for Digital Cameras and MP3 Players
The future of computer connectivity is here with Mini-USB cables from Cables To Go. These fully rated universal serial bus cables attach easily to any 4-pin mini-USB device. ...

Rs. 149.00
Rediff Shopping

Configure Network (Static) IP in HP Laserjet printer -If there is no LCD panel available

2008-09-11T20:58:00.000-07:00

If you are going to install Network printer with Static IP address. Just follow these steps to configure.

Step 1 : Connect the printer with network card in the network slot and insert the
RJ45 jack in that port. Now switch ON the power.

Step 2: If you are having any LCD panel to configure just press Menu button >
configure device >system setup >set manual IP address > subnet mask &
Gateway you want.
(or)
Step 2: In case of LCD panel was missing - try to reset the printer by holding front
panel ON button and now switch ON the AC power. (It will reset the printer
IP, if you don't aware of existing network IP address)

Step 3: Now you can find the printer IP (Automatically assigned by DHCP) using
Network scanner, such as
http://www.softperfect.com/download/freeware/netscan.exe

http://www.radmin.com/download/lscan1b1.exe

for more search in Google as Network scanner or Lan scanner > download and
install it. Starts scan using your LAN starting and ending IP address ( check it in
your LAN properties).
Step 4: Type 192.168.1.1 in IE or Copy the IP address and type it in Internet Explorer
address bar.
Step 5: Now click the Networking > Configuration > Network Settings > choose IP
config method as Manual instead of DHCP > Set the IP, Subnetmask,
Gateway as you wish.

Step 6: Now type the newly created IP address in the IE address bar.

Step 7: Congrats you configured successfully.

System File Checker (SFC) - Win XP Repair Inbuilt Tool

2008-06-12T04:44:00.000-07:00

NOTE: Need windows xp (ver ex: sp2) CD to be inserted in CD DRIVE

How to use the scannow sfc tool in Windows XP

Windows XP has the ability to protect itself from system instability caused by 3rd party software overwriting important system files. This used to be (and still is in fact), a problem with Windows 95 and Windows 98.

With the introduction of Windows Millennium Edition, Microsoft made a real effort to stop this from happening.

Now in Windows XP we have a much more refined protection of these important files....

This system is called:

Windows File Protection

By default, Windows File Protection is always enabled and allows Windows
digitally signed files to replace existing files safely. Currently, signed files are distributed
through:

# Windows Service Packs

# Hotfix distributions

# Operating system upgrades

# Windows Update

# Windows Device Manager

If you introduce a file replacement in any other way, Windows File protection will overwrite your file!

An important part of Windows File Protection is the command line utility:

System File Checker (sfc.exe)

You will often see references to scannow sfc in online newsgroups etc. This is a great tool for troubleshooting Windows XP problems.

How to use scannow sfc...

The main reason for using this utility is when you suspect there may be a problem with a Windows XP system file.

Perhaps you get a dialog box appear informing you of a problem with a .dll file, or your program will just not load! It is therefore worth checking to see if there are any corrupt system files using scannow sfc.

To do this simply go to the Run box on the Start Menu and type in:

System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)
sfc /scannow

This command will immediately initiate the Windows File Protection service to scan all protected files and verify their integrity, replacing any files with which it finds a problem.

The following should appear to give an indication of how long the process is taking.

In an ideal world that would be the end of the story... Any corrupt, missing or incorrect files would be replaced by this process.

However, things can go wrong and the following guide should help!

The #1 complaint with scannow sfc is the following dialog box appearing:

Why does this happen?

Well, in your computer's registry, are several settings that are checked when you run scannow sfc.

As mentioned earlier in this article, the Windows File Protection service constantly monitors for any changes to the main system files. Well Windows XP keeps a cache (copy) of these essential files at the following location:

C:WINDOWS\System32\Dllcache (assuming C: is your system root which it probably is.)

NB - The dllcache folder is extremely important so Windows XP hides it from you! To view it go to: My Computer > Tools > Folder Options > View > "uncheck" Hide protected operating system files.

If that's the case on your computer then there is normally no need for the original XP CD to be inserted as your computer has a "copy" it can get hold of in this cache...

But, if the Dllcache folder, or part of it, has become corrupted for some reason then you will be prompted for the XP CD - so your computer can get a clean copy!

Having said that not ALL installations of Windows XP have ALL the system files cached into this folder! You may only have around 50MB of files in this folder under Windows XP depending on the quota settings in the registry. (Under Windows 2003 Server the default is 300MB of system files!)

Annoying, YES!

Is there a workaround YES!

As well as having a cache of all the system files on your PC, I like to have the I386 folder from the XP CD installed on the computer as well. After doing this I then modify the registry to tell it the source path for these files... Why? Well not only does this prevent 99% of request for the the XP CD with Windows File Protection. But the I386 folder also contains many other files that are sometimes needed by the operating system and this stops those requests for the XP CD too!

NB - With today's large hard drives you are not going to notice this 475 MB folder on your computer, but older systems may not have the space for this...

Step 1

You will need to get your XP CD and locate the folder called:

I386

This is a major folder and should be one of the first you see, now copy this onto your hard drive into the system root. For most of you that is going to be C:\ so you should end up with a folder that looks like: C:\I386

-----------------------------

Step 2

Now you will need to tell your computer you now have the files on your PC. We do this is the registry (type regedit in the Run box on the start menu) by navigating to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Setup

You will see various entries here on the right hand side. The one we want is called:

SourcePath

It probably has an entry pointing to your CD-ROM drive, and that is why it is asking for the XP CD. All we need to do is change it to:

C:\

Simply double click the SourcePatch setting and a new box will pop up allowing you to make the change.

Now restart your computer and try scannow sfc again!

------------------------------

When you run scannow at logon you do not get a progress bar... This can easily be remedied by adding a new DWORD: SFCShowProgress to the registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon

the values available are: 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled

------------------------------------

System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)
sfc /scanonce

System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)
sfc /scanboot

System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)
sfc /revert

System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)
sfc /purgecache

System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)
sfc /cachesize=x

\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM file is missing or corrupt:

2008-06-12T04:36:00.000-07:00

When you are prompted to do so, type the Administrator password. If the administrator password is blank, just press ENTER.

At the Recovery Console command prompt, type the following lines, pressing ENTER after you type each line:

md tmp
copy c:\windows\system32\config\system c:\windows\tmp\system.bak
copy c:\windows\system32\config\software c:\windows\tmp\software.bak
copy c:\windows\system32\config\sam c:\windows\tmp\sam.bak
copy c:\windows\system32\config\security c:\windows\tmp\security.bak
copy c:\windows\system32\config\default c:\windows\tmp\default.bak

delete c:\windows\system32\config\system
delete c:\windows\system32\config\software
delete c:\windows\system32\config\sam
delete c:\windows\system32\config\security
delete c:\windows\system32\config\default

copy c:\windows\repair\system c:\windows\system32\config\system
copy c:\windows\repair\software c:\windows\system32\config\software
copy c:\windows\repair\sam c:\windows\system32\config\sam
copy c:\windows\repair\security c:\windows\system32\config\security
copy c:\windows\repair\default c:\windows\system32\config\default

Type exit to quit Recovery Console. Your computer will restart.

NTOSKRNL.EXE is missing or corrupt.

2008-06-12T04:30:00.000-07:00

startup environment.

Missing or corrupt ntoskrnl.exe file

If the ntoskrnl.exe file is corrupt or missing this can also generate the error. To restore this file follow the below steps.
Insert the Microsoft Windows XP CD. Note: If you have a recovery CD or a restore CD and not a Microsoft Windows XP CD it is likely the below steps will not resolve your issue.
Reboot the computer, as the computer is starting you should see a message to press any key to boot from the CD. When you see this message press any key.
In the Microsoft Windows XP setup menu press the R key to enter the recovery console.
Select the operating system you wish to fix, and then enter the administrator password.
Type expand d:\i386\ntoskrnl.ex_ c:\windows\system32
You will then be prompted if you wish to overwrite the file type Y and press enter to overwrite the file.
Type exit to reboot the computer.

Windows NT installed on a partition bigger then 7.8GB

If you are running Microsoft windows NT 4.0 on a partition larger than 7.8GB this issue can occur if the boot files are located outside this limitation. When this error occurs your computer will have the error message as shown below.
OS Loader v4.01
Disk I/O error status=00000001
Windows NT could not start because the below file is missing or corrupt: winnt\system32\Ntoskrnl.exe
Please reinstall a copy of the above file.
If your system partition is larger than 7.8GB you will need to delete the partition and recreate the partition to 7.8GB or less. Additional information about this issue can be found on Microsoft KB Q224526.

Corrupted hard disk drive or severely corrupted Windows

Attempt to check the hard disk drive for any errors by running the chkdsk error. To do this follow the below steps.
Insert the Microsoft Windows XP CD. Note: If you have a recovery CD or a restore CD and not a Microsoft Windows XP CD it is likely the below steps will not resolve your issue.
Reboot the computer, as the computer is starting you should see a message to press any key to boot from the CD. When you see this message press any key.
In the Microsoft Windows XP setup menu press the R key to enter the recovery console.
Select the operating system you wish to fix, and then enter the administrator password.
Once at the recovery console type chkdsk /r
Once completed type exit and see if issue is resolved.

If after trying all of the above steps you are still encountering the same issue it's likely that Windows is severely corrupted and it is recommended you attempt to reinstall Windows. Additional information about erasing the computer and starting over can be found on document CH000186.
Finally, if during the Windows installation you encounter errors it's likely that your hard disk drive is bad.

Windows XP- Missing HAL.DLL

2008-06-12T04:24:00.001-07:00

Error Message: Cannot Find \Windows\System32\hal.dll

One possible fix. So far, this has been traced to an incorrect BOOT.INI file. To gain access to the Boot.ini:

Go to Start/Run and type in: msconfig. Then go to the Boot.ini Tab. Or…Right click the My Computer icon/Properties/
Advanced/Startup and Recovery/Settings/System Startup/Edit.

How to Edit the BOOT.INI File in Windows XP
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q289/0/22.asp

This user had 1 hard drive, partitioned into C and D drives. His BOOT.INI file looked like this: (the erroneous lines are in “blue”)

[boot loader]
timeout=1
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(3)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(3)\WINDOWS=”Microsoft Windows XP Professional” /fastdetect
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT=”Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional” /fastdetect

The 3 in the erroneous lines, above, points to the 3rd partition on the first physical hard disk. Since this user only had 2 partitions, this value was incorrect. Changing the value to 2, in both lines, allowed the user to complete Windows XP’s setup.

The corrected BOOT.INI looked like this:

[boot loader]
timeout=1
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS=”Microsoft Windows XP Professional” /fastdetect
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT=”Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional” /fastdetect

HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer (hal.dll)

HAL is Microsoft’s abbreviation for the Hardware Abstraction Layer, the technology and drivers that let the Windows NT, 2000, and XP operating systems communicate with your PC’s hardware. HAL is one of several features–along with the NT file system (NTFS) that replaced the much less secure MS-DOS–that make NT-based operating systems more secure and reliable than Windows 95, 98, and Me.

HAL.dll prevents applications from directly accessing your PC’s system memory, CPU, or hardware devices (such as video and sound cards)–a method that can prevent many device conflicts and crashes. Unfortunately, HAL.dll sometimes also slows or stops DOS games and programs, which need to load their own memory managers or control hardware directly for better performance.

With HAL.dll in the way, developers must rewrite or even abandon their older software in favor of newer, HAL-compatible versions. Microsoft has pressured hardware makers to provide or support technologies such as MMX, DirectX, and 3D graphics language OpenGL, all of which allow fast but indirect access to the advanced high-performance features of video, sound, and CPU hardware. Such access also makes for a better visual experience when using Windows for Web and productivity applications; improved graphics performance is evident all over Windows XP’s new user interface.

XP also offers some new compatibility-mode features that let you run programs meant to run under earlier operating systems, but, frankly, most DOS-based and even some Windows-based games simply won’t work with the new OS.

Tip: To see which HAL.dll is currently installed, open Device Manager, and expand the Computer branch. The entry that
appears in this branch corresponds to the currently installed HAL.

Situations in Which Windows May Not Start in Safe Mode
How to Troubleshoot Hardware Abstraction Layer Issues
How to Move a Windows XP Installation to Different Hardware
Setup Error Msg: Cannot find file: \Windows\System32\hal.dll

HAL.DLL is Missing - Updated by MVP Alex Nichol

Option 1:

Boot from your CD and follow the directions to start Recovery Console. Then:

Attrib -H -R -S C:\Boot.ini
DEL C:\Boot.ini
BootCfg /Rebuild
Fixboot

Option 2:

Boot from your CD and follow the directions below to start Recovery Console.

Insert the Setup compact disc (CD) and restart the computer. If prompted, select any options required to boot from the CD.
When the text-based part of Setup begins, follow the prompts; choose the repair or recover option by pressing R.

If you have a dual-boot or multiple-boot system, choose the installation that you need to access from the Recovery Console.
When prompted, type the Administrator password. (if you didn’t create one try pressing enter).

At the system prompt, type Recovery Console commands; type help for a list of commands, or help commandname for help on a specific command.

Most likely you will need to expand the file from the CD. The command would be expand d:\i386\hal.dl_ c:\windows\system32\hal.dll. Substitute d: for the drive letter of your CD. Once you have expanded the file type “exit” to exit the Recovery Console and restart the computer.

TIP: Recovering Windows XP using the Recovery Console

Update:

Shaun Gray (3/2005) states:

Let me review my experience / problem with hal.DLL with you all:

I Received a computer with win XP home sp2 that after uninstalling IML4, and Installing IML5, and rebooting. (IML being Imesh light)
Computer displayed windows root\system32\hal.dll is missing or corrupt, please re-install.

NO MODES would boot from advanced boot options
Only bootable option was from CD
Repair console would not EDIT system from OEM XP HOME CD
FixMBR did not solve anything
Bootcfg /list, bootcfg /rebuild did not solve anything
Fixboot did not solve anything

Solution Option 1 wouldn’t work with multi attributes with out “|” in between them. ******
Solution Option 1 didn’t solve anything, except inadvertently adding a second OS to boot.ini
Solution Option 2 was unusable with OEM XP HOME SP2 CD.
Solution Opt 2 with XP PRO SP2 Integrated CD “Functioned”, but was “unable to expand file”

REINSTALLING WINDOWS IS NOT AN OPTION.

Final Solution:

Removed hard drive from system.
Added Hard drive to a 2nd WORKING XP PRO System. As Slave on Cable select.

***(all references to “D:\” are the Slave Hard drive damaged windows)***

Booted system and enabled - Explorer\tools\folder options

Display contents of system folders.
Show Hidden Files and Folders.
UN-check Hide Protected OS Files.

Go to “D:\” open Boot.ini in NOTEPAD, remove the Extra OS’s added with option 1.
Close and Save changes to Boot.ini

Go to “My Computer” Right click on “D:\” select SEARCH “D:\”

Search “All or Part of the File Name” = “hal”

Hal.dll may or may not be found in “D:\WINDOWS\System32” either way it’s no good.
A working copy of hal.dll WILL be found in “C:\WINDOWS\ServicePackFiles\i386”
COPY THAT FILE “D:\WINDOWS\ServicePackFiles\i386\hal.dll”
And Paste it to “D:\WINDOWS\System32” folder; if it asks to overwrite say YES.

You may now un-do the changes made to Explorer\tools\folder options to RE-Hide files.
Shut Down the computer.

Remove the 2nd Drive and reinstall it to its own tower as Master.

You should Now be able to boot the computer up as if nothing ever happened.

With the exception that it will prompt you to reinstall some drivers, Just say YES and let it auto detect …THEY ARE ALREADY THERE. And will setup fine.

This “FIX” assumes that the computer in question HAS at ther very least service pack1, if not service pack 2.

If these patches have NOT been installed , I dont belive any such Reserve copy of hal.dll will wxist on the drive!

IP Configuration Problem

2008-06-12T04:17:00.000-07:00

IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)
ipconfig /all

IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /displaydns

IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)
ipconfig /flushdns

IP Configuration (Release All Connections)
ipconfig /release

IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)
ipconfig /renew

IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)
ipconfig /registerdns

IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)
ipconfig /showclassid

IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)
ipconfig /setclassi

System Has Recovered from a Serious Error

2008-06-12T04:09:00.002-07:00

You receive a "System Has Recovered from a Serious Error" message after every restart

WORKAROUND

You can solve this problem by recreating the pagefile. To re-create the pagefile, follow these steps:

1.	Click Start.
2.	Right-click My Computer.
3.	Click Properties.
4.	On the Advanced tab, in the Performance section, click Settings.
5.	In the Virtual Memory section, click Change.
6.	For Paging file size for selected drive, click No Paging File, and then click Set.
7.	Click Yes after the following warning appears: If the paging file on volume X: has an initial size of less than xx megabytes, then the system may not be able to create a debugging information file if a STOP error occurs. Continue anyway? (X is the drive letter and xx is the amount of RAM installed on your computer minus 1 megabyte.)
8.	Click System Managed Size.
9.	Click OK four times, and then restart the computer when you are prompted.

The computer does not start after you change the active partition by using the Disk Management tool

2008-06-12T04:09:00.001-07:00

NTLDR is missing.

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart.

RESOLUTION

IMPORTANT Before performing the steps listed below, make sure that you have a good backup of your critical data files.

To resolve this behavior, use one of the following procedures:

•

Try changing the active partition by booting to a floppy disk and then using disk utilities to manually change the active partition:

1.	Boot to a command prompt by using a Microsoft Windows 95, Microsoft Windows 98, or Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition (Me) boot floppy disk.
2.	At the command prompt, type fdisk, and then press ENTER.
3.	When you are prompted to enable large disk support, click Yes.
4.	Click Set active partition, press the number of the partition that you want to make active, and then press ENTER.
5.	Press ESC.
6.	Remove the boot floppy disk, and then restart the computer.

•

Boot the computer by using a Windows XP boot disk. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

305595 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305595/) How to create a bootable floppy disk for an NTFS or FAT partition in Windows XP

•

If the partition that has been incorrectly marked as active is formatted in the FAT file system, the FAT32 file system, or the NTFS file system, you may be able to use the Windows Recovery Console to correct the behavior. For additional information, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

314058 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314058/EN-US/) Description of the Windows XP Recovery Console

NOTE: The system partition refers to the disk volume that contains the files that are needed to start Windows (for example, Ntldr,Boot.ini, and Ntdetect.com). On Intel x86-based computers, the system partition must be a primary partition that is marked active. On Intel x86 computers, this is always drive 0, the drive that the system BIOS searches when the operating system starts.

Using the Recovery Console, copy the Ntldr file from the Windows XP CD-ROM to the root directory of the current active partition. Follow these steps:

Start your computer by using the Windows XP Setup floppy disks or by using the Windows XP CD-ROM.

At the "Welcome to Setup" screen, press F10, or press R to repair.

Press C to start the Recovery Console.

Copy the Ntldr file from the Windows XP CD-ROM to the root of your system partition by using the following commands, pressing ENTER after each command:

a.	Type cd .. to go to the root of drive C. Note that there is a space between the d and the two periods (..).
b.	Type the letter of the CD-ROM drive.
c.	Type cd i386.
d.	Type Copy ntldr c:.
e.	Type Copy ntdetect.com c:.
f.	Type Bootcfg /add. For more information, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 291980 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/291980/) A discussion about the Bootcfg command and its uses
g.	Type Exit.

If the partition was not formatted by using Windows, you might also need to run the Recovery Console fixboot command to make the active partition bootable.

After you can boot into Windows, it is recommended that you use the Windows Disk Management snap-in tool to reset the original system partition as the active partition, and then restart the computer.

Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem

2008-06-12T04:08:00.001-07:00

Error message: "Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem"

Error message 1

Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem.

Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware.

Please check the Windows documentation about hardware disk configuration and your hardware reference manuals for additional information.

Error message 2

Windows NT could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:

Winnt_root\System32\Ntoskrnl.exe

Please re-install a copy of the above file.

Error message 3

Winnt_root\System32\Hal.dll missing or corrupt:

Please re-install a copy of the above file.

Method 1

Edit the Boot.ini file to restore or correct the Default entry and to ensure that the other entries in the [Operating Systems] section of the Boot.ini file point to the appropriate directories.

Method 2

Use the Bootcfg utility in the Recovery Console to correct the Boot.ini file:

1.	Use the Windows XP CD-ROM to start your computer.
2.	When you receive the message to press R to repair Windows by using the Recovery Console, press the R key.
3.	Select the Windows installation that you want, and then type the administrator password when prompted.
4.	Type bootcfg /rebuild, and then press ENTER.
5.	When the Windows installation is located, the following instructions are displayed: Add installation to boot list? (Yes/No/All) [Type Y in response to this message.] Enter Load Identifier: [This is the name of the operating system. Type Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Home Edition.] Enter OS Load options: [Leave this field blank, and then press ENTER]. After you perform the preceding steps, restart the computer, and then select the first item on the boot menu. This should allow Windows XP to start normally. After Windows XP has successfully loaded, the Boot.ini can be modified to remove the incorrect entry.

Method 3

1.	Start the computer by using your Windows XP CD-ROM. Press any key to boot from the CD.
2.	After the setup files are finished loading press R to repair using Recovery Console.
3.	When you are in the recovery console, select the installation to log on to (usually number 1), and then press ENTER.
4.	Login to the Administrator account by typing the password for this account, and then press ENTER.
5.	At the recovery console command prompt, type the following command, and then press ENTER: For Uni-Processor systems: expand :\i386\ntoskrnl.ex_ :\Windows\system32\ntoskrnl.exe For Multi-Processor systems: expand :\i386\ntkrnlmp.ex_ :\Windows\system32\ntoskrnl.exe Note In these two commands, the placeholder represents the drive letter of your CD drive, and the placeholder represents the drive letter of the hard disk on which windows is installed.
6.	If you receive a prompt to overwrite the file, press Y.
7.	Type exit, and press ENTER at the command prompt.

Back to the top

Method 4

Start the computer by using the Recovery Console, and then run theCHKDSK /rcommand.

Note You do not have to include the /p switch in the Chkdsk command-line because the /r switch causes the Chkdsk utility to locate bad sectors and recover readable information. This command implies the /p switch..

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SYMPTOMS

Case 1: All or some of the network icons are missing.

Case 2: Only the "Dial-up Connection" icons are missing.

Case 3: The Network Connections window stops responding (hangs) or closes immediately after you select a network connection and then click "Properties"

Case 4: The network icon disappears only after you manually connect to the network.

General troubleshooting

Method 1: Let Windows automatically detect and install network adapters

Method 2: Verify network settings and services

Method 4: Use the Dcomcnfg.exe utility to reset the "Default Impersonation Level" setting

Method 5: If only the Dial-up Connection icons are missing, temporarily add a new modem

Method 1: Verify that all Windows Protected Files in the System 32 folder are intact

Method 3: Use the Group Policy Results tool to see which Group Policy objects are applied

Method 4: Reset the network connections

Method 5: Verify that the registry keys are intact and correct

Method 6: Check for nonpresent, ghosted, or hidden network adapters

Method 7: Remove all the AutoDiscovery/AutoPurge (ADAP) information from the registry and reset the state of each performance library

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CAUSE

RESOLUTION

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